Obesity is an increasing global health problem, and one of the leading preventable causes of death The WritePass Journal

Obesity is an increasing global health problem, and one of the leading preventable causes of death Obesity is an increasing global health problem, and one of the leading preventable causes of death IntroductionDiet – Alternative to SurgerySurgeryRelated Introduction Obesity is an increasing global health problem, and one of the leading preventable causes of death. The definition of obesity taken from the NHS website is; Obesity is when a person is carrying too much body fat for their height and sex. A person is considered obese if they have a  body mass index  (BMI) of 30 or greater . The main problem here is that there is numerous health problems linked to obesity, therefore if Obesity is helped and reduced, it would be like solving the root to the numerous health problems it is linked to. In other words instead of tackling the health problems that are caused by obesity, you tackle obesity itself which would then in theory lead to a general decrease in obesity related health problems. This will not only be beneficial to the patients, but in this current economic climate will save the medical sector money that they would use on treating obesity related health problems. Obesity is a medical condition in which an excess amount of body fat has accumulated within the body to an extent that it may have a harmful affect on health. This can in turn lead to reduced life expectancy and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The main problem here is that obesity increases the risk of many physical and mental conditions however regardless of this it is increasing and needs to be tackled. The main cause of obesity is a combination of excess food energy intake and a lack of any physical activity however there are cases when the cause is due primarily to genetics, medical reasons or psychiatric illness. In contrast increasing rates of societal level obesity is thought to be due to an easily accessible and palatable diet, increased reliance on vehicles and mechanized manufacturing. There are three main ways obesity is being tackled, and it is these three solutions that I am going to focus on in my study.; Diet, Surgery and Drugs. The main solution I will focus on will be surgery. Diet – Alternative to Surgery The classic approach to tackle obesity is a low-calorie diet; this still remains the core treatment of obesity. These diets have the best short-term benefits. There are three types of low-calorie diets that can be distinguished: Personalized and moderately restricted diet: This is dependant on a pre-therapeutic assessment. This diet takes into consideration the daily energy expenditure of each individual including their professional and family environment and their food habits. The desired level of caloric intake will equal to two thirds of the average energy expenditure; 1200 – 2000 calories per day. Low-calorie diet: Total caloric intake averages 800 – 1200 calories per day. This is a considerable reduction in the individuals daily intake and can not be maintained for a long period of time as the patient’s physical activity is hindered and the body is faced with nutritional deficiencies. This ambitious treatment is proposed during hospitalization. Very low-calorie diet: This is a less than 800 calorie per day diet also known as a protein diet. The medical follow up to this must be very accurate.   Cutting off the usual supply of calories the body gets causes the body to break down fat in order to supply itself with energy thus causing the patient to lose body weight. This dietary treatment is effective for short term benefits however requires a lot of dedication on the patient’s behalf. Surgery A  laparoscopic adjustable gastric band also known as a lap band is an inflatable device made of silicone that is placed at the top of the patients stomach through laparoscopic surgery. Laparoscopic surgery also known as Keyhole surgery is a modern technique of surgery in which operations that take place in the abdomen are carried out through small incisions, usually measuring from 0.5-1.5cm. This type of surgery uses images displayed on a monitor which can be magnified. Keyhole surgery is a very beneficial and efficient procedure as the patient feels less pain and discomfort and recovery time is considerably reduced. Gastric banding is the least invasive surgery of its kind however it carries the usual risks of any gastrointestinal surgical operation. The patient’s intestines are not re-routed as the stomach is not staples or removed therefore the patient is able to absorb nutrients from food in a normal procedure. Gastric bands are able to stay without causing harm in the patient’s body as they are made entirely of biocompatible materials. They way this procedure works is that the gastric band is placed on the top portion of the stomach using keyhole surgery. The placement of the band creates a small pouch at the top portion of the stomach. This pouch approximately holds about half a cup of food, in contrast to its normal six cups of food. The pouch fills up quickly; this is where the band comes into effect. The band causes food to pass slowly from the pouch into the lower part of the patient’s stomach. As the upper part of the stomach fills the brain is sent a message that the stomach is full therefore the patient’s hunger dies. This causes the patient to eat a reduced amount of food and stay full for a longer period of time thus decreasing overall caloric intake which can lead to a decrease in weight over time. As the patient starts losing weight the gastric band will need to be adjusted to ensure effectiveness and improve comfort. It is adjusted using a saline solution introduced through a small access port placed underneath the skin. To avoid damage to the port membrane and prevent leakage a specialized non-coring needle is used. This graph has been taken from www.bmj.com and gives an overall idea of the extent to which a gastric band can help weight loss. According to the study participants who had a gastric band lost 22% of their body weight in two years in contrast to the controls who in which only lost just 6%. This resulted in the ‘gastric band group’ to be healthier and happier. This is one proof of evidence that shows that this type of solution to tackle obesity is highly effective. I do not believe taking drugs alone such as AMPHETAMINES is effective as there are many side effects and there have been many cases where patients have become addicted and dependant on the drug itself therefore I do not look at this as a solution personally. Gastric Banding I believe is the most appropriate as it shows and has been proven to considerably decrease body weight and help obesity. And being a laparoscopic surgery rather than open it has its many advantages; Reduced chance of needing blood transfusion as haemorrhaging is reduced. Small incisions are used which reduce pain and discomfort to the patient. In addition recovery time is reduced along with less post-operative scarring Less pain due to small incisions also means that less pain medication is needed Procedure times are slightly longer however, hospital stay time is less often same day discharge. So patient can be back to everyday life more quickly and efficiently. Exposure of organs is reduced due to small incisions therefore chances of contamination and disease are reduced. However it does come with its disadvantages; Due to the small incisions the doctor has a limited range of motion at the surgical site. Dexterity is lost. Poor depth perception Tissue can be damaged due to tools being used rather than hands. However I believe the advantages outweigh the disadvantages so keyhole surgery is a effective and efficient solution. However I believe the advantages outweigh the disadvantages so keyhole surgery is a effective and efficient solution. There are many risks that come with this type of surgery as with any type of surgical operation. The biggest risk is from an instrument called a trocar. Injuries are caused to either blood vessels or small or large bowel. This risk is increased with patients that have a history of prior abdominal surgery. Benefits of gastric banding compared to other bariatric surgeries. There are many benefits of gastric banding compared to other bariatric surgeries. Mortality rates are considerably lower; 1 in 2000. Due to small incisions, keyhole surgery recovery times are very short along with a short hospital stay. These benefits can make the surgery greatly appeal to the patient as along with losing weight, the pain and overall time is small. Bibliography [1.5] Google images. [2.5] Wikipedia. AS Biology CGP Revision Guide. – overall knowledge [3.5] Dr Patrick Jordan . [1] http://obesity_epi.tripod.com/solving_the_problem_of_obesity.htm  Ã‚  Ã‚   [2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity [3] globalissues.org/article/558/obesity [4] nhs.uk/Conditions/Obesity/Pages/Introduction.aspx [5] nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/obesity/wecan/healthy-weight-basics/obesity.htm [6] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_banding [7] bmj.com/content/332/7550/1146.full [8] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laparoscopic_surgery [9] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trocar

Database application, Planning, Design, and Implementation Assignment

Database application, Planning, Design, and Implementation - Assignment Example 273). To build huge groups of data functional, individuals and organizations make use of computers and effiecient data management systems. Similar to a warehouse, a database is a storage area for group of similar and associated data or facts. On the other hand, a database management system (DBMS) is software tool that facilitates multiple users to store, retrieve, and perform operations on data or facts into functional information (Norton, 2001, p. 272). The database design and development starts with the analysis of the system. In our database for home we will analyze the daily working routines and access the main aspects that can be documented and digitalized. For this purpose will conduct a detailed analysis for the overall working and activities performed in the house, for instance, we need a system that can document and manage the daily work plan, house budget, requirement management, indoor and outdoor activities. The databases system for the house can manage the daily work plan, record activities, handle house budget and specially the food menu. We can also manage and handle our diet plan with this system and develop a balanced daily diet plan. The system will provide us details and comprehensive information for the daily diet plan. There are various players in this databases that can use and manage the database at home. Parents can develop a diet plan for their children and feed them according to that plan. This makes the overall handling of the children diet easier. The parents also plan their daily tasks and duties so that they can perform those jobs at time and effectively. The handling of budget plan can be done by wife or husband that feed and allocate the appropriate resources for the house monthly resource management. The player can interact with the system and each other directly. The system will be available to every user and they can view and mange the resource according to their desire. The each section will be

See below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 11

See below - Essay Example The action, therefore, would help boost the Irish economy. Swift, however, adopts a satirical approach when addressing the concern of poor families in Ireland. There is evident sarcasm and utter irony at the end of Swift’s proposal (Foshay, 1961). First, it appears absurd that Swift proposes killing of Irish children in an attempt to boost the economy. Despite proposing the main idea of making delicious meals out of Irish children, Swift turns to the good objection. Towards the end of the essay, Swift argues that there are other strategies to reduce population. Reducing the population forms the foremost goal that the Irish government intends to attain. That Swift proposes better ideas than selling and killing children from poor Irish families to solve the problem of overpopulation is a great surprise. Towards the end, the reader is engaged in formulating diverse solutions that can be applicable to address overpopulation, unemployment, and poverty in Ireland. He proposes real solutions to the challenges such as advancing trade to boost the economy (Swift, 2004). Justifiably, Swift challenges the reader to think of viable solutions to societal challenges. Swift, J. (2001). A Modest Proposal: For Preventing the Children of Poor People in Ireland from Being a Burden to Their Parents Or Country, and for Making Them Beneficial to the Public. Virginia Tech. Retrieved January 2, 2015 from

Promotional Strategies in the Branded Denim Industry

Promotional Strategies in the Branded Denim Industry The global fashion apparel industry is one of the most important sectors of the economy in terms of investment, revenue, trade and employment generation all over the world. Apparel industry has short product life cycles, tremendous product variety, volatile and unpredictable demand, long and inflexible supply processes. The industry has been in a transition over the last 20 years. Some of the major contributors are: Significant consolidation in retail, Increasing use of electronic commerce in retail, and Wholesale trade Given below is a diagram of the types of markets for the fashion industry globally/ India as can be seen comes under Emerging Fashion market. viewer.png Figure: Global Fashion Market. The Indian Fashion Industry Fashion Industry growth in India is mainly driven by the growing exposure of domestic designers at international forums, but growth is also supported by other factors such as the launch of focused business education courses for emerging designers and the establishment of an industry association. The Indian fashion industry has gained international acclaim and recognition at several global forums. This has also helped attract a large number of international clients to the country Rising affluence has increased brand awareness among Indian consumers. According to theNielsen Global Luxury Brands Study, India is among the most brand conscious countries in the world, with 35% of Indian survey respondents reporting to buy designer brands India is considered an attractive market for luxury brands; about 50 premium and luxury brands, including Jimmy Choo, Gucci, Christian Dior, and Chanel, have opened stores in India in recent years. Consumer spending on fashion products has grown at 7.1% annually from 2002 through 2007 Denim Industry in India Denim Brands in India Jeans the working class garment has something about it which has fascinated the poor and the rich alike, and has survived fashion trends and technology changes for over a century. The jeanswear market in India is currently pegged at approximately Rs 6,000 crore the bulk of it in the unbranded market according to recent reports. However, the branded segment is believed to be growing at a faster pace, with brands giving tough competition to one another. According to industry sources, the total size of the jeans market in India is about 40-45 million pairs of denims out of which 44 million pairs are in the value segment(less than Rs 1,000). The Indian retail market size of jeans (men`s and women`s) in 2007 was Rs 3,080 crore with a healthy growth of 18 per cent over last year as per research conducted by Technopak. According to an Indian expert, denim production in India in 2006 was estimated to be at 400 million metres, of which 250 million metres was for domestic consumption and the rest for exports. The Indian denim market is still in the nascent stages but it`s definitely a growing market which is growing in the right direction. Brand-conscious market With changing lifestyles, the organised players are coming up with contemporary designs to target the youthful, stylish, trendy and fashionable consumers. Today`s consumer is educated and very well informed about different brands and knows what to buy and what not to buy. Indian consumers are no longer price conscious rather they are willing to spend money on high-end denim brands. Denims are not only restricted to jeans, shirts, jackets and skirts, but are also a popular choice for accessories like bags, belts and caps. In denims, low rise, slim fit and twisted fit are in vogue. Ripped, brushed, torn, bleached, laser finishes acid and ice-washed are enough to tempt the brand conscious customers. The organised denim players are not only catering to the premium class, but are also catering to the upper-middle and mid-segments as well. Today`s customer is definitely brand conscious and asking for brands. Consumers are looking at innovations rather than just a pair of jeans and T-shirt. The key to catching up with these changes is to innovate, as the Indian denim customer is more variety driven, says Shah. The brand has been quick to gauge that the young Indian consumers were getting bored with just a five pocket pair of jeans and hence Pepe Jeans today is a one-stop destination for the young premium segment customer with its exhaustive range of fashion wear, club wear, and evening wear along with the core jeans. India is an emerging nation and has a huge potential to harness the untapped market. The denim industry has registered impressive growth in the last five years. This growth has also changed the consumer preferences- he has become more discerning and fashion conscious. Major players in the denim market A number of players, both Indian and international, have entered the Indian market. The brands of both categories that were studied are listed below: Indian Players The Indian players include the following: Spykar has established itself as the Indian youth icon and the brand of the Generation Next in the Indian apparel industry, with a vast and staggering array of designer wear- from the first manufactures of Cargo in India unto the authentic five pocket Jeans to fashionable denims, fatigues, jackets, tees, shirts, etc. to trendy bags, belts, caps, wallets, socks and other accessories like shoes, deodorants, junk jewellery, eyewear. Having provided clothing for the last 15 years to the brand conscious youth, Spykar Lifestyle intends to now offer complete styling solutions to patrons through the Spykar Style Lab, with a reach to 3 million customers, influencing the youth culture across India. The brand Deal: was born in the year 2000 and is today an innovative international design company, manufacturing jeans and casual clothing as well as accessories. It is present in over 22 states with 400 points of sale. From the beginning, Deal jeans team turn their back on the style-dictator and consumer fore-casters of the fashion establishment and lead their own tastes lead them. It is for this reason that Deal became the leader in developing the styles, manufacturing methods, fabric and quality control and guaranteeing an outstanding quality product Levi Strauss (India) Pvt. Ltd (LSIL) is a Bengaluru based, wholly owned subsidiary of Levi Strauss Co. (LSCO.). The company markets the Levi`s ®, Dockers ® San Francisco Levi Strauss Signature ® brands in India. The company was established in 1994 and brought authentic American jeanswear to India by launching the iconic Levi`s ® brand. It has since built a strong retail and distribution network spanning more than 250 cities and 750 outlets backed by an equally strong sourcing base. The company, with strength of about 200, is headquartered in Bengaluru. International players The International players studied are the following: Pepe Jeans London: Pepe Jeans London originated from the fashionable Portobello area of London in 1973 as a result of the efforts of three NRI brothers. In a very short span, the brand became the best selling denim brand in England. The company entered the Indian market in 1989 and today is amongst the premium brands in India in this segment. Pepe Jeans is an absolute casual wear brand and sells everything one would associate with such as casual cotton shirts, denim shirts, lightweight jeans, T-shirts, shirts, jackets, cotton casual pants and accessories such as bags, caps, belts, wallets, wrist bands, etc. Lee Cooper: Founded in London in 1908, Lee Cooper offers a wide range of lifestyle jeans and products to men and women of all ages. In 2006, Lee Cooper International entered into an equal joint venture with India`s largest retailer, now known as Lee Cooper India Pvt. Ltd, under which the first franchisee store was opened. At present, the company has 31 exclusive brand outlets, 50 shop-in-shops and 250 selling points in India. By the end of this fiscal, it will double the selling points and add 24 new stores to its kitty. The company aims to grow to 100 stores within the next two years. An investment of about Rs 35-40 crore has been earmarked for retail expansion this year. The competitors at each segment are given below: Super Premium Segment (Rs. 2000+)- brands like Tommy Hilfiger, Hugo Boss, AN Jeans, Rocky S Jeans Premium Segment (Rs. 1000-2000)- Pepe, Levis, Lee, Wrangler Middle Segment (Rs. 500-1000)-Most Indian brands cover both Middle and Premium categories Economy Segment (Rs. 300-500)-Ruf n Tuf, Newport, Impact, Thunder as well as in store labels like Westsides SRC and 2Fast4U that are priced between Rs. 375 to Rs. 600 Benefits of this study to the organizations: As compared to the booming international denim market, India is still emerging. Indian brands haven`t enjoyed much success. International brands, which are present in India, are doing extremely well. Competition is increasing with the presence of a number of denim brands in India. To stay ahead of competition, the players will have to raise their standards to international levels; only then will they be able to make a strong foothold in the country. Every company is coming up with aggressive marketing, promotional campaigns and constant publicity to make their brand popular. Various companies have been successful in the Indian market using different approaches and different strategies. For example Pepe Jeans London works on a 360 degrees approach on the marketing communications strategy, involving both above the line and below the line activities. Billboards print advertising in both national and regional newspapers and all lifestyle magazines constitute Pepe`s above the line strategy. The companies in the denim market have to ensure that they have strategies that are successful and make a positive impact on the target segment due to all the competition and the challenges that they face in this environment. With the Indian youth becoming increasingly fashion conscious and with spending power being consistently on the rise, making life easier for the fast-growing premium category of jeanswear brands. On the other hand, it has been tough times for other segments of the business one of the underperformers being a mass-market jeanswear brand. This study helps analyze the promotional strategies of five different popular denim brands in India. This study helps to recognize the success or failure of the brands through the perception that consumers have towards the brand. The study helps recognize the weak points in the strategies. Chapter 2 Research Design This chapter details the procedures that were used for obtaining the information needed to structure the marketing research. It provides details such as the Purpose, Aim of the study, and Scope of the study, Objective of the study, Research methodology and Data collection. Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to observe and evaluate the promotional strategies that are used by Levi Straus, lee and Pepe jeans, Spykar and Deal . Scope of the study: The study was aimed at understanding and analyzing the promotional strategies implemented by Levi Strauss, Lee, spykar, Deal, Pepe Jeans The research was conducted in the geographical area of 1 city- Bangalore North (Karnataka). Objectives: It will present the promotional activities used by the major players in Branded Denim industry. It will present the awareness of the promotional strategies that the consumers have. Further the study will generate some suggestions that could be implemented by the companies. Research methodology: An analytical study, descriptive and quantitative in nature was undertaken to study the promotional activities used in the Branded Denim industry. Based on the data and knowledge gathered thus, a tool in the form of a questionnaire was prepared to elicit primary data for the study. The customers of the company have been used as the respondents for the study. Questionnaire method was adopted to gather necessary primary data. Secondary data was gathered from previous other records, journals, papers and books. The data collected by the study is compiled, classified and tabulated for the purpose of analysis. Analysis was done using averages for data consolidation and interpretation. Methods of data collection: Survey- Through a closed and structured questionnaire administered to 50 respondents of Bangalore City in the area of New BEL Road (Bangalore North). Sources of Data collection: The study required data to be collected from both primary sources and secondary sources. * Primary research -also known as field research, which involves the conduction and compilation of research for the purpose it, was intended. Questionnaires were used to collect the primary data. * Secondary research -also referred to as desk research, is initially conducted for one purpose, but often used to support another purpose or end goal. Secondary research was collected from Internet sites, books, journals, magazines and research materials provided by other research. Sample design: This refers to a set of rules or procedures that specify how a sample is to be selected.   We have used simple random sample  which is a subset of  individuals  (a  sample) chosen from a larger set (a  population). Each individual is chosen  randomly  and entirely by chance, such that each individual has the same  probability  of being chosen at any stage during the sampling process Sample size: The number of elements in the obtained sample. The sample size for this study is 50 respondents. Sampling bias: This refers to the notion that those selected are not typical or representative of the larger populations that have been chosen from. Here we were limited to north Bangalore so it does not reflect the bigger side of the actual population. Limitations: The limitations of the study are as follows: Questionnaires are impersonal, so it is difficult to understand the answers given by the customers also there is a chance that the questions may be misinterpreted, rendering the answer useless to the study. Questionnaires also invite people to lie and answer the questions very vaguely which they would not do in an interview. Though a lot of effort was put in at designing the questionnaires, some peoples preferred answers may not have been included, and this also does not allow for much detail. The research was limited to the city of Bangalore (north Bangalore) The research did not include the infrequent customers of the company, so a lot of valuable input could have been lost Chapter 3 Analysis and Interpretation Q. No. of Male and Female Respondents. Gender No of Respondents Male 26 Female 24 Total 50 Interpretation: From the above chart it is quite evident the numbers of male respondents exceed female respondents. Q. Average age of Respondents. age No of Respondents Less than 20 1 20-30 42 30-40 6 40-50 0 Above50 1 total 50 Interpretation: From the above chat it can be interpreted that the highest range of respondents belongs to the age group of 20-30. Q. what are the different occupation of the respondents. occupation No of Respondents students 31 professional 17 businessman 2 unemployed 0 total 50 Interpretation: From the above chat it is clearly visible that the maximum numbers of respondents are students, followed by professionals. Q Salary of the respondents. salary No of Respondents Less than 2lakh 28 2-4 lakh 15 4-6 lakh 6 Above 6 1 total 50 Interpretation: Since the most respondents are students and are just employed the salary range is below 2 lakh and for professionals it is 2-4 lakhs. Q Do you buy anything of these brands (Levis, Lee, Spykar, Pepe jeans, Deal). Response No of Respondents yes 43 no 07 Total 50 Interpretation: It can be clearly interpreted that 43 out of 50 Respondents have tried one of the brand and rest have not. Break-up of the different brands bought by the sample group: Brand name No. of respondents Levi Lee Spykar Pepe Deal 16 15 6 12 1 Total 50 Q Other than the brand you purchase from, Are you aware of the promotional activities followed by other brands. Responses No of respondents Yes 40 No 10 total 50 Interpretation: From the above chart it can be understood that the people are aware about the promotional scheme of the other brands even if they do not purchase products from the other brand. Levi Q. Why did you buy this brand? Characteristics Number of Respondents Good Service Good Quality Price Design Brand Name Discount Schemes 1 3 10 2 Total 50 Interpretation: it is clearly visible from this chart that most of the people are going for Levis because of the brand name. Q. Would you like to purchase this brand again? Willingness to purchase Number of respondents Yes No 15 1 Total 16 Interpretation: It is clearly visible that all those who have purchased this brand want to go again for this brand. Q. Are you aware of the various promotional schemes available in this brand? Awareness Number of respondents Yes 16 No 0 Total 16 Interpretation: all the respondents are aware of the promotional schemes of Levis. Q. As per your knowledge what type of promotion activity is undertaken by the organisation characteristics responses Advertisement 3 Publicity 0 Personal selling 0 Social media networking 3 Sales promotion(discount offers, seasonal sales, loyalty programs) 10 Total 16 Interpretation: It is found that most consumers are aware of the promotional schemes that Levis has in the form of sales promotions. They also seem to be aware of promotions through advertising and social media networks. Q. If yes how were you made aware? Mode of Awareness No. of respondents Newspapers O Magazine Ads 6 Television Ads 0 E-Mailer from store 2 Word of mouth 9 Others 1 Total 16 Interpretation: it can be interpreted that people are aware of Levis promotional skills because of tools like newspapers and various emails that are being send from the store. 12. What according to you makes the brand more attractive than others? Characteristics Number of Respondents Quality 1 Price 0 More sizes 4 Better customer services 2 More designs 4 Brand Name 5 Brand Ambassador 0 Total 16 Interpretation: From this table we can see that consumers are attracted to the brand due to its brand name- the perception towards the brand is positive and also they feel that more designs are available in this brand Lee Q. Why did you buy this brand? Characteristics Number of Respondents Good Service Good Quality Price Design Brand Name Discount Schemes 1 2 1 3 8 0 Total 15 Interpretation: The graph shows that maximum people bought the jeans from this brand due to the brand name. Followed by the designs available, and no one bought the jeans due to the discount schemes available Q. Would you like to purchase this brand again? Willingness to purchase Number of respondents Yes No 13 2 Total 15 Interpretation: From the table it is obvious that a large number of the respondents would buy jeans from this brand maybe because they have a positive perception towards the brand Q. Are you aware of the various promotional schemes available in this brand? Awareness Number of respondents Yes 12 No 3 Total 15 Interpretation: From the table it can be seen that most consumers are aware of the promotional schemes available in this brand Q.As per your knowledge what type of promotion activity is undertaken by the organisation characteristics responses Advertisement 5 Publicity 0 Personal selling 0 Social media networking 4 Sales promotion(discount offers, seasonal sales, loyalty programs) 6 Total 15 Interpretation: Most of the consumers are aware of the sales promotion schemes like discount offers, seasonal sales, followed by advertising and social media networking. Q.. If yes how were you made aware? Mode of Awareness No. of respondents Newspapers O Magazine Ads 2 Television Ads 0 E-Mailer from store 2 Word of mouth 7 Others 1 Total 12 Interpretation: In this we can see that most consumers were made aware of the available promotional schemes through word of mouth followed by e-mailer from store as well as magazine ads. None were aware of the television ads of the brand. Q. What according to you makes the brand more attractive than others? Characteristics Number of Respondents Quality 1 Price 1 More sizes 2 Better customer services 2 More designs 4 Brand Name 5 Brand Ambassador 0 Total 15 Interpretation: As can be see, the brand is found to be attractive due to the brand name and the positioning of the brand, followed by the fact that consumers perceive that plenty of designs are available in this brand. Better customer service also seems to have made an impact on the consumer. Spykar Q. Why did you buy this brand? Characteristics Number of Respondents Good Service Good Quality Price Design Brand Name Discount Schemes 0 2 4 0 0 0 Total 6 Interpretation: The primary reason that the respondents seem to have bought the jeans was since they perceived the jeans to be cheaper than the other branded jeans. The next reason was since the jeans were perceived as good quality. Hence Spykar can be said to be a value for money brand. Q. Would you like to purchase this brand again? Willingness to purchase Number of respondents Yes No 3 3 Total 6 Interpretation: Only have the consumers who bought the product have the willingness to repurchase the product. The reasons could be that they were dissatisfied with the design, or with the service. Q. Are you aware of the various promotional schemes available in this brand? Awareness Number of respondents Yes 0 No 6 Total 6 Interpretation: Out of the six respondents who had purchased the jeans from this brand, none were aware of any promotional schemes that were conducted by the company. Q. As per your knowledge what type of promotion activity is undertaken by the organisation Since no one was aware of the promotional schemes, this table was Not Applicable Q. If yes how were you made aware? Since no one was aware of the promotional schemes, this table was Not Applicable Q. What according to you makes the brand more attractive than others? Characteristics Number of Respondents Quality 1 Price 3 More sizes 0 Better customer services 0 More designs 2 Brand Name 0 Brand Ambassador 0 Total 6 Interpretation: The main reason that people seem to go for this brand is the price since the jeans are more pocket friendly as compared to the other branded jeans. Pepe jeans Q. Why did you buy Pepe jeans? Characteristics No of respondents Good service 0 Good quality 2 Price 1 Design 8 Brand name 1 Discount Scheme 0 total 12 Interpretation: From the above graph it can be easily interpreted that more people are going for the design in pepe jeans than the other factors. Q Would you like to purchase goods and services from this store again? Responses No of respondents Yes 10 No 2 Total 12 Interpretation: From the above chart it is clearly seen that people are willing to purchase the goods and services as they are happy with their experience. Q. Are you aware of the various promotional schemes and offers available in the store? Responses No of respondents Yes 5 No 7 Total 12 Interpretation: From the above chart we can easily understand that people are not much aware of the promotional schemes carried out by Pepe jeans. Q. As per your knowledge what type of promotion activity is undertaken by the organisation characteristics Responses Advertisement 4 Publicity 0 Personal selling 0 Social media networking 3 Sales promotion(discount offers, seasonal sales, loyalty programs) 5 Total 12 Interpretation: Most of the consumers were aware of the sales promotion strategy followed by Pepe Jeans followed by Advertising. Q .If yes, how you were made aware? Characteristics No of respondents News paper 2 Magazine 1 Television advertisement 5 E-mail 0 Word of mouth 4 total 12 Interpretation: From the above chart its clear that tools like television ads and words of mouth plays a very important role in creating awareness for Pepe Jeans. Q. what according to you made the brand more attractive from the other leading brands of jeans? Characteristics No of respondents Quality 2 Price 1 More fashionable 1 Better customer services 0 More diverse design to choose from 2 More customized product 2 Brand name 4 Brand ambassador 0 total 12 Interpretation: From the above pie chart it can be concluded that the quality, more customized products and more diverse design to choose from are some of the features that makes this brand attractive as compared to others. Deal jeans Q. Why did you buy Deal jeans? Characteristics No of respondents Good service 0 Good quality 0 Price 1 Design 0 Brand name 0 Discount Scheme 0 total 1 Interpretation: Price is the only characteristics that pull the customers to stores. Q. Would you like to purchase goods and services from this store again? Responses No of respondents Yes 1 No 0 Total 1 Interpretation: The person who has bought the product is satisfied and is ready to try the product again. Q. Are you aware of the various promotional schemes and offers available in the store? Responses No of respondents Yes 1 No 0 Total 1 Interpretation: The person seems to know about the promotional schemes that are carried out by Deal jeans. QAs per your knowledge what type of promotion activity is undertaken by the organisation characteristics Responses Advertisement 1 Publicity 0 Personal selling 0 Social media networking 0 Sales promotion(discount offers, seasonal sales, loyalty programs) 0 Total 1 Q. If yes, how were u made aware? Characteristics No of respondents News paper 0 Magazine 0 Television advertisement 1 E-mail 0 Word of mouth 0 total 1 Interpretation: The person is aware of the product through the television ads. Q what according to you made the brand more attractive from the other leading brands of jeans? Characteristics No of respondents Quality 0 Price 1 More fashionable 0 Better customer services 0 More deserve design to choose from 0 More customized product 0 Brand name <

Chivalry in Chaucers Canterbury Tales Essay -- essays papers

Chivalry in Chaucers Canterbury Tales In his Canterbury Tales, Chaucer fully explicates the cultural standard known as curteisye through satire. In the fourteenth century curteisye embodied sophistication and an education in French international culture. The legends of chilvalric knights, conversing in the language of courtly love, matured during this later medieval period. Chaucer himself matured in the King's Court, and he reveled in his cultural status, but he also retained an anecdotal humor about curteisye. One must only peruse his Tales to discern these sentiments. In the General Prologue, he meticulously describes the Prioress, satirically examining her impeccable table manners. In the Miller's Tale Chaucer juxtaposes courtly love with animalistic lust, and in various other instances he mentions curteisye, or at least alludes to it, with characteristic Chaucerian irony. These numerous references provide the reader with a remarkably rich image of the culture and class structure of late fourteenth century England. "Wel coude she carye a morsel, and wel keepe / That no drope ne fille upon hir brest. / In curteisye was set ful muchel hir lest."(General Prologue, 130-2) Here, in the description of the Prioress, Chaucer mocks her etiquette by so specifically describing it, and in doing so he also mocks her conception of sophistication. For Chaucer, sophistication represented more than table manners and "Frenssh†¦ of Stratford at the Bowe."(General Prologue, 124,5) Curteisye required an intimate, first hand knowledge and experience with French culture. This Prioress had learned her French in an English convent school, hardly the equivalent to Chaucer's travels in France. Chaucer creates the feeling that the narr... ...tion of courtly flirtation. Usually when a character speaks in courtly language, the author biases his word choice to French, since French was the formal language of the Court and people associated with the Court spoke French-derived English on a daily basis. Chaucer avoids that practice here and selects words based in Germanic-derived English, or Anglo-Saxon. Words like "ich," "wille," and "spille" and others persisted from Old English, and Chaucer's use of them through Nicholas gives the passage a decidedly rough tone, corresponding to Nicholas' sensual actions. Nicholas' language might have been courtly, but his intentions were definitely not as delicate as French. Chaucer utilized satire throughout the Canterbury Tales, and he illustrated as much about his culture, and especially curteisye, with his satire as he did with the stories and characters themselves.

Open innovation

Open Innovation is a paradigm that assumes that firms can and should use external ideas as well as internal ideas, and internal and external paths to market, as they look to advance their technology. Open Innovation processes combine internal and external ideas into architectures and systems. Open Innovation rocesses utilize business models to define the requirements for these architectures and systems. The business model utilizes both external and internal ideas to create value, while defining internal mechanisms to claim some portion of that value.Open Innovation assumes that internal ideas can also be taken to market through external channels, outside the current businesses of the firm, to generate additional value. The open innovation paradigm treats research and development as an open system. Open Innovation suggests that valuable ideas can come from inside or outside the ompany and can go to market from inside or outside the company as well. This approach places external ideas and external paths to market on the same level of importance as that reserved for internal ideas and paths to market in the earlier era.Open Innovation is sometimes conflated with open source methodologies for software development. There are some concepts that are shared between the two, such as the idea ot greater external sources ot intormation to create value. However, open innovation explicitly incorporates the business model as the source of both value creation and value capture. This 2 latter role of the business model enables the organization to sustain its position in the industry value chain over time. While open source shares the focus on value creation throughout an industry value chain, its proponents usually deny or downplay the importance of value capture.Chapter 5 in this volume will consider these points at greater length. At its root, open innovation assumes that useful knowledge is widely distributed, and that even the most capable R&D organizations must identify, connect to, and leverage external knowledge sources as a core process in innovation. Ideas that once germinated only in large companies now may be growing in a variety of settings – from the individual inventor or high tech start up in Silicon Valley, to the research facilities of academic institutions, to spin-offs from large, established firms.These conditions may not be present in every business environment, and scholars must be alert to the institutional underpinnings that might promote or inhibit the adoption of open innovation . The Open Innovation Paradigm The book Open Innovation (Chesbrough, 2003a) describes an innovation paradigm shift from a closed to an open model. Based on close observation of a small number of companies, the book documents a number of practices associated with this new paradigm. That book was written for managers of industrial innovation processes, and the work has received significant attention among managers.To the extent that such managers ar e able to assess the utility of new approaches, Open Innovation has achieved a certain degree of face validity within at least a small portion of high technology industries. Open Innovation has taken on greater saliency in light of the debate about globalization and the potential for the R&D function itself to become utsourced, as the manufacturing function was 20 years earlier. l 3 Figure 1. 1 shows a representation of the innovation process under the previous Closed model of innovation.Here, research projects are launched from the science and technology base of the firm. They progress through the process, and some of the projects are stopped, while others are selected for further work. A subset of these are chosen to go through to the market. This process is termed a â€Å"closed† process because projects can only enter in one way, at the beginning, and can only exit in one way, by going into the market. AT&T's Bell Laboratories stands as an exemplar of this model, with man y notable research achievements, but a notoriously inwardly focused culture.

Nursing Theorists - 1257 Words

A BRIEF STUDY OF NURSING THEORIES ACCORDING TO FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE, JEAN WATSON AND MADELEINE LEININGER TOLULOPE ADEDIWURA MINOT STATE UNIVERSITY ABSTRACT Nursing as a profession is based on concrete (scientific, philosophical, behavioral, social, and humanities among others), concepts and theories by past and current nursing theorists. These theorists have helped shape the profession from 19th century till date. New theories are emerging due to advance in health care, as off-shoot of previous theories and also as addition to suit present day application. This paper shall look at the works (theories) of Florence Nightingale; Environmental theory, Jean Watson; Human caring theory, and Madeleine Leininger; Culture care diversity and†¦show more content†¦(2011), Jean Watson’s theoretical framework lies in carative factors, transpersonal caring relationship, and caring moment. This implies basically that the core of nursing is in caring and other qualities of nursing as a profession builds on it. Her assumptions of caring affirms that in all we do to assist a client, caring is the most important. She claimed that without caring, curing cannot effectively occur. Gonzalo (2011), refers to caring as being more â€Å"healthogenic† than curing because it integrates biophysical knowledge with knowledge of human behavior to generate or promote health and to provide ministrations to those who are ill. He also concluded in his review of Jean Watson’s work that ‘the science of caring is complementary to the science of curing’. MSU’s department of nursing associates with Jean Watson’s human caring theory as pointed out in the â€Å"holistic health† aspect of its theoretical constructs. This section strongly reflect the ideas of Jean Watson. Pros of the theory * It presents distinct difference between nursing and other health care professions * It is logical and easy to apply to various practice situations * It presents nurses with a good view at nursing Cons of the theory * Caring alone isn’t enough as the health care system now incorporates technology in client’s care. Therefore, with the caring model and its processes, nurses need to find a blend where technology has its place. Madeleine Leininger’s Culture CareShow MoreRelatedNursing Theorists979 Words   |  4 Pageshead: Nursing Theorists Nusing theorists Abstract â€Å"Nursing theorists are the men and women in the nursing field who develop models of nursing. Often, they dont set out to develop a nursing theory, instead, they simply want to help improve nursing care for their patients, and the theory develops as a result. Once a method is established as a theory or model of nursing, it is integrated into the practice of nursing, as well as added to the study of nursing.† Nursing Theorists Nursing theoryRead MoreNursing Theorist1222 Words   |  5 PagesNursing Theorist: Betty Neuman Nursing Theorist: Betty Neuman Intro Nursing theories are the basic concepts that define nursing practice and provide the explanation to why nurses do what they do. Nurses are exposed to theories everyday in clinical practice. During any given day, a nurse will utilize multiple nursing theories. These theories guide how a nurse treats patients, how tasks are performed, assessments completed and interventions established. By studying nursing theory, it allowsRead MoreNursing Theorists1749 Words   |  7 PagesNursing Theorist Timothy Mack University of Phoenix Theories and Models of Nursing Practice NUR/403 Judith Mc Leod July 25, 2010 Nursing Theorist The theorist that I have chosen is Dorothea Orem. 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Hildegard Peplau - Interpersonal theory 3. Virginia Henderson - Need Theory 4. Fay Abdella - Twenty One Nursing Problems 5. Ida Jean Orlando - Nursing Process theory 6. Dorothy Johnson - System model 7. Martha Rogers -Unitary Human beings 8. Dorothea Orem - Self-care theory 9. Imogene King - Goal Attainment theory 10. Betty Neuman - System model 11. Sister Calista Roy - AdaptationRead MoreGrand Nursing Theorist1361 Words   |  6 PagesGrand Nursing Theorist Assignment # 2 Grand Nursing Theorist Assignment # 2 Descriptive Analysis For this assignment, I chose to study grand nursing theorist Dorothy Orem and the nursing concept she introduced, the self-care deficit theory (also known as the Orem model of nursing). I chose to study Dorothy Orem because she is well known in Indiana, the state in which I reside. Orem’s grand nursing theory â€Å"was developed between 1959 and 2001†¦[and] is particularly used in rehabilitation andRead MoreThe Nursing Theory And Theorist1199 Words   |  5 PagesD. Nursing Theory and Theorist â€Å"From Novice to Expert†, the nursing theory by Patricia Benner, is probably the easiest theory of all to understand. One of Benner’s messages is that a well-rounded professional does not miss out on opportunities to learn from life as well as in nursing school and in the nursing practice. In her theory Benner describes the 5 stages of nursing experience beginning with novice and moving up to the final stage of expert. She describes how every stage builds on and isRead MoreNursing Theorist Grid722 Words   |  3 PagesNursing Theorist Grid 1. Theorist Selected: Jean Watson 2. Description of key points of the theory: †¢ In Watson’s philosophy of human caring she developed carative factors. She uses the word carative to classify nursing and medicine. The carative factors aim at the caring process. There are 10 carative factors each one involving a lived experience from all involved in the relationship, including the nurse. †¢ Watson described a need for transpersonal caring relationship. This is definedRead MoreNursing Theorist Assignment1789 Words   |  8 PagesNursing Theorist Assignment Allison M Wood, RN NUR/403 March 12, 2012 Shoni Davis, RN DNSc Nursing Theorist Assignment Sister Callista Roy developed the Adaptation Model of Nursing in 1976 after becoming concerned of the importance of relating the characteristics of nursing to the community. This interest encouraged her to begin developing the model with the purpose of nursing being to support adaptation. Roy began organizing her nursing theory as she developed curriculum for nursing studentsRead MoreBetty Neum Nursing Theorist1587 Words   |  7 PagesBetty Neuman: Nursing Theorist Beth Anne Bonetti NSG 301 October 7, 2014 Summer Huntley-Dale MSN, RN Betty Neuman: Nursing Theorist Development of the Neuman Systems Model Betty Neuman received her nursing diploma from Peoples Hospital School of Nursing in Akron, Ohio in 1947. After earning her RN, she moved to California and gained experience in a number of different nursing positions including staff nurse, head nurse, school nurse, industrial nurse, and clinical instructor at the University